Atopic dermatitis

What is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, especially in children, although it can also persist or appear in adults. It is characterised by dry, reddened skin with intense itching.

What causes atopic dermatitis?

There is no single cause, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, immunological and environmental factors. People with a family history of atopic diseases (such as asthma, allergic rhinitis or dermatitis itself) are more likely to develop it.

Factors to consider with atopic dermatitis

In addition, factors such as:

Climate changes (excessive cold, humidity, etc.)
Stress
Harsh soaps or irritating products
Environmental allergens (dust, pollen, animals)

Is there a cure for atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis has no definitive cure, but it can be effectively controlled with appropriate treatment and dermatological follow-up.

Common symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Dry, flaky skin

Intense itching (especially at night)

Thickening of the skin in chronically affected areas

Lesions that can become infected by scratching

Atopic dermatitis in children mainly affects the folds of the arms and legs and areas of the cheeks.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis

The treatment includes:

Daily moisturising: Use rich, fragrance-free emollients at least twice a day.
Avoid triggers: Identify which factors worsen symptoms and reduce exposure to them.

Pharmacological treatment:

Topical corticosteroids
Topical immunomodulators (such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus)
In severe cases, systemic treatments or biological therapies

Patient education:

Teach how to care for the skin, how to apply treatments, and when to see a dermatologist.

Practical tips for atopic dermatitis

Use syndet soaps or mild, fragrance-free cleansers and avoid sponges.
Avoid very hot or prolonged baths.
Dry the skin with gentle dabs, not rubbing.
Wear cotton clothing.
Treat outbreaks of the disease early.

When should you see a dermatologist?

If you experience frequent outbreaks, intense itching that does not improve with basic measures, or lesions that ooze or become infected, it is essential to consult a dermatologist. Early diagnosis and personalised treatment are key to improving the patient's quality of life.

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Ignacio Castaño Uhagón - Doctoralia.es

Frequently asked questions about acne and rosacea

I understand that you may have questions and concerns about acne and rosacea. Below, I answer some of the most frequently asked questions from my patients:

What is acne?

Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells and bacteria. This causes blackheads, whiteheads, pimples and, in some cases, cysts to appear.

Do only teenagers suffer from acne?

No. Although it is common in adolescence, acne also affects adults, especially women between the ages of 20 and 35. It is estimated that almost 30% of women in that age range suffer from it.

Can acne be cured just by following a good skincare routine?

Not always. Although a proper skincare routine can help, many cases of acne require medical treatment, which may include topical products, oral medications, or procedures such as laser therapy.

What causes acne?

Acne can have multiple causes: genetic factors, hormonal changes, stress, diet, and other lifestyle factors. That is why a personalised approach to diagnosis and treatment is important.

What types of treatment are available for acne?

Treatment depends on the type and severity of acne. It may include:

Topical medication (creams or gels)
Oral treatment (antibiotics, contraceptives, retinoids)
Laser treatments, both to reduce acne activity and to treat scars

Is it true that acne cannot be cured if I have had it for many years?

False. Although it is a persistent condition, there are multiple treatment options that can significantly improve acne and even eliminate it. It is never too late to start effective treatment.

Do stress and diet influence acne?

Yes. Stress can affect hormonal balance and worsen acne. Likewise, a diet rich in sugars and ultra-processed foods can have a negative impact on the skin. These factors are important when designing a comprehensive treatment plan.

Can acne leave permanent scars?

Yes, especially if it is not treated properly or if the spots are excessively manipulated. That is why it is important to see a dermatologist as soon as possible to prevent long-term scarring.